China's silverware culture has a long history, a wide variety of products, each with its own characteristics. According to historical records, the earliest appeared in the Warring States period was stoneware, followed by pottery, jade, and bronze. The goldsmith appeared in the Shang Dynasty, and the silverware first appeared in the Warring States (the Warring States Period of the Palace Museum in Beijing). The appearance of silverware was also affected by the bronzes.
Silverware includes silver coins, daily necessities and art. Silver coins are the currency of many countries in the early days. Due to continuous consumption, they are still rare in the world and have a very high collection value. Most of the silverware is practical goods, such as tableware, drinkers and so on. In addition, works of art such as sculptures and ornaments made of silver are elegant and jewel-inspired.
A piece of silver is carefully crafted by the silversmith's ingenious design. When making silver ornaments, the silversmiths use a variety of techniques such as smashing, hitting, hollowing, welding, weaving, and inlaying according to the characteristics of the silverware. The objects produced by the complicated process are either small and exquisite, or graceful. The silverware is divided into a casting method, a rolling method, and a mold extension method. After the mold is made, the silver liquid is poured into the mold to make a silver piece. In addition, most of the silver ornaments produced by the rolling method are cups and the like, and the silver ornaments produced by the molding method have high relief patterns. After the silver blank was made, the skilled silversmith used a variety of carving knives to engrave a beautiful pattern on it to make it more beautiful.
The identification of silverware has something in common with the identification of other works of art, and it also has differences. The biggest difference is to first determine if a vessel is silver. In general, silver ornaments have very clear signs, which are either decorative or textual. “Silver†and “Ster Ling†are the most standard words for silver. All utensils with the above words must be silver. With the development of society and the continuous advancement of science and technology, some materials like silver and silver have emerged. The invention of electroplating technology makes it easy to plate one or more layers of silver on copper, which is often confused with silver. To identify silver-plated ornaments, you must first be familiar with the various aspects, because there is a clear distinction between silver and silver-plated. In addition, an experienced collector can distinguish between silver and silver plating from the surface, weight, and heat transfer rate of the vessel.
There are many signs on the silverware, which is the regulation of the government. Most of these logos represent the producer and the company in letters, and the material is represented by a special pattern. For example, there is a lion on the British silversmith, a Russian head, and a crown or moon in Germany.
Another aspect of identifying silverware is the place of origin. This not only needs to distinguish which country's silverware, but also the production city. For example, the silver ornaments produced in Birmingham, England are engraved with an anchor, which is a very clear indication of the origin.
It is also important to identify the age of silverware. Countries have different representations, the most scientific and accurate is the United Kingdom. British silver ornaments have different floral and different border letters to indicate the age of production; while Russia shows the age of production in the direction of the head of the silver, the head is 1896 products to the left, and the head to the right indicates the production in 1900. .
The early Chinese silver ornaments mostly used geometric patterns, dragonflies, dragons and phoenixes, flying lions, deer horses, strange beasts, exotic flowers and other grasses as artistic creation objects, and they were carved, cut, hollowed, entangled, sheet metal, inlaid, etc. The landscaping of the craftsmanship shows the artistic style of the early silver ornaments.
The scale and the certain level of manufacturing began in the Qin and Han Dynasties; and a large number of exquisite craftsmanship, colorful silverware crafts appeared in the Tang Dynasty. In the period of the Tang Dynasty, agriculture, handicrafts, culture and art were at the forefront of the times and were unparalleled at home and abroad.
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the Republic of China, China's silver ornaments were unprecedentedly prosperous, and the production of silver ornaments was even more colorful, and the number of categories was difficult to count. Only one young child, from the full moon celebration, got a huge amount of silver in his life. At that time, the children's hats were decorated with more than 50 pieces of silver jewelry.
The first layer of 18 children's arhats, 18 pieces, the second layer of 8 celestial birthdays, 9 pieces, the third floor, 5 blessings, 5 pieces; the fourth layer of lions, 3 pieces of tiger heads, 4 pieces of left and right cap cakes, 6 sets of hats 9 pieces of hat bells around, a total of 54 pieces.
The pattern on the silver silver lock on the chest of the child is also colorful. There are magpies, plums, boys, lotuses, unicorns, celestial gifts, champions, and the fifth, Dengke, Lianzhong Sanyuan, Jinyu Mantang, Shuanglong play beads, Danfeng Chaoyang, longevity, old age, and old people, sent to people Good wishes and expectations for the next generation.
The folks believe that having silver ornaments can decorate and beautify life; it can show wealth and elegance; it can also play a role in exorcising evil and blessing, and can save peace and longevity. Silver ornaments play an indispensable role in the reproduction and prosperity of the family's descendants.
Today, few people have cast carved sterling silver bowls, most of which focus on sterling silver (925) ornaments. The friends who collected ancient silver ornaments also concentrated on the British and European silver ornaments before the 19th century, especially silver cutlery and silver tea sets.
In fact, the ancient Chinese silver ornaments were beautifully made, but it is a pity that they have remained intact until now. For example, in the Han Dynasty, the silver pots of the "five senses" of the abdomen and the cross-section of the "five senses", although bright, but with silver enamel, silver funnels, silver containers, etc., are all white as new, showing the progress of hammering and polishing technology, then there are also decorative geometry Small silver basin with moiré and three dragons. They were unearthed from the Han Tomb and can only be seen in museums. From the Song Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty, there were still a small number of silver containers. They inherit the craftsmanship and decoration techniques of the Tang Dynasty gold and silver ornaments, creating another one. Like the Song Dynasty's diamond-shaped silver plate, the shape is novel, six curved curved folds, harmonious with the flower mouth and the body; the ornamentation is rich, the flower pattern is like relief, breaking through the single group flower pattern of the Tang Dynasty. The silver carp, silver beans, and silver pots of the Song Dynasty also have their own characteristics. At that time, the dragon lion pattern, the cirrus pattern, the sedge pattern, the crepe pattern, and the lotus leaf pattern all made people feel calm and comfortable. After the imitation is difficult to implement.
Today, silver jewelry seems to have lost its traditional position in society and has become a bit silent in people's lives. There are few master craftsmen with a lot of craftsmanship, and some forging techniques are also lost. Nowadays, the silver products sold in the mall are mostly jewelry-oriented, and more European and American design routes to cater to the current young people, their ancient craftsmanship is forgotten.
The status and cultural and historical value of Chinese silverware culture has not attracted people's attention; it should not be forgotten outside the cultural history of the Chinese nation; it should get its status.
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