On April 5th, Bonhams of Hong Kong will hold a special auction of “Wen Yu Wuhua – Siyuan Hall Tibetan Jadewareâ€, a total of 73 jade articles, from the Neolithic Age to the end of the Qing Dynasty, showing Chinese jade making and A historical perspective of development. Judging from the current collection market, the jade auction market is no less than painting and calligraphy. In addition to some large-scale auction houses with jade specials, many new auction companies have used jade as a breakthrough, and the jade market as a whole is on the rise. Among them, the ancient jade containing profound cultural connotations and the modern and contemporary jade that absorbs the aesthetics of the times are receiving attention. The jade art that carries the essence of Chinese traditional culture has both the material and spiritual values, but its market still has a large space and its future development is promising.
Jade culture changes at any time
"The gentleman has no reason, and jade does not go away." Since the Neolithic Age, from the god jade used for sacrifices to the king jade symbolizing power, to the folk jade that has entered ordinary life, jade as an important material and cultural product has been passed down to the present, and it has also formed a profound foundation. The jade culture tradition.
The ancient Chinese jade culture is based on the theory that “Jade is not a weaponâ€, with jade as the carrier, welcoming and carrying the spiritual and ideological needs of the superstructure, and advocating the “God’s Rightâ€, “Yuhe†and “Yude†ideas; The modern jade culture is based on the idea of ​​"great beauty and no decoration", and adheres to the "natural beauty, primitive art of heaven" and "beauty jade" is the concept of modern jade culture. Jade culture is not a hollow concept, nor a definition of static solidification. Looking back at history, it is not difficult to find that jade culture is a dynamic process of change, and its meaning changes with the times. To study the meaning of jade culture in different eras, we must first define the classification and meaning of jade articles in different eras.
The current understanding of ancient jade is not consistent. Lei Congyun, a researcher at the National Museum of China and a senior cultural relic expert, said: "In the Song Dynasty, the jade artifacts before the Han Dynasty were called ancient jade. I think that we can now call the jade articles before the Song Dynasty ancient jade. But today many people take the Qing Dynasty and Before the Qing Dynasty, the jade was called ancient jade, and even the antique jade was included. This is not accurate."
“The jade we have seen today includes two situations: some jade materials are excellent (such as high-quality Hetian jade), and they are beautifully shaped and exquisitely crafted. These jade articles are often used by nobles during their lifetime. Other jade materials are slightly inferior (but Many are also Hetian jade), they are either larger in shape or simpler and rougher in craftsmanship and ornamentation. These jade articles belong to jade wares, that is, jade articles specially used as funerary objects, "Lei Yun said that the ancient jade Judgment needs to be carefully analyzed, and no conclusion can be made arbitrarily. In particular, the jade can not be described as a new imitation.
In the aspect of modern and contemporary jade, Kong Dejun, the special researcher of the China Collectors Association and the chief appraiser of Beijing Hongsheng Bohuaxia Cultural Relics Appraisal Co., Ltd., said that the focus of the current contemporary jade collection is mainly on Hetian jade. He said that from the geographical point of view, Hetian jade has a broad and narrow sense. The narrow sense of Hetian jade is traditionally produced in the Hetian region of Xinjiang; after 2008, the state revised the relevant standards of Hetian jade. In the broad sense, Hetian jade includes Xinjiang Hetian jade, Helanshan Hetian jade, Russian Hetian jade, and Northeast Xiuyan Hetian jade. "Where it is from the Hetian jade, as long as it is of high quality, there is a large room for appreciation." Kong Dejun said.
The ancient jade collection welcomes a good time
Lei Congyun said that as an important category in cultural relics collection, jade collection has its own unique advantages compared with other categories: jade has rich historical and cultural connotations, high collection value and easy preservation. "The value of ancient jade should not be lower than bronze, should not be lower than ceramics, and should not be lower than painting. Now the collection of ancient jade is in a relatively low stage, so it is an excellent time to collect ancient jade. It is both a challenge and an opportunity." Lei said from the cloud.
According to the data analysis in the auction market: Among the top 20 auctions of jade articles in 2014, more than 60% of the contemporary master jade carving works, and the rest are mainly jade crafts in the Qing Emperor Qianlong period. Taking stock of the comprehensive data over the years, the total price of the ancient jade auction is even better, and the heavyweight auctions are endless. For example, in 2009, Christie's Autumn Auction in London, a piece of jade in the Western Han Dynasty of China, was estimated to be between 100,000 and 150,000 pounds before the auction. After the intense bidding on the spot, the final transaction price was as high as 825,250 pounds, setting a fortune auction in the Han Dynasty. The highest record. Lei Congyun pointed out that the value of ancient jade should be higher than that of modern jade. The current situation is that the jade articles of the Ming and Qing Dynasties are still the mainstream of the market, and the market value of the ancient jade is not fully reflected.
Guyu not only performed well in the domestic secondary market, but also received much attention overseas. It is understood that since the beginning of the 20th century, many Western collectors have been obsessed with Chinese jade articles and incorporated them into the collection system. Some of them have learned the hardness, structure and characteristics of jade from the perspective of mineralogy. Ingenious and endurance, such as Richard Fuller, founder of the Seattle Museum of Art in the United States; some measure Chinese art from a aesthetic point of view, thinking that everything that is beautiful, even if it is out of the environment in which it depends, is still beautiful It can attract the favor of all parties, such as the American collector Greenville Winsor, his collection of tiger-shaped Pei, Jade Cup, etc. represent the higher level of jade craft in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Lei Congyun said that overseas collectors have far more attention and love for Chinese ancient jade than modern jade. "If you are auctioning in the international market, a small jade piece in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, the price often reaches tens of thousands. Dollar."
Lei Congyun believes that the current situation in the jade market is more expensive than the finished product, and the modern jade is more expensive than the ancient jade. For example, many people are more admired for modern jade, especially Hetian jade and its original stone, but for ancient jade, or do not understand, afraid to buy fakes; or superstition, that ancient jade is unearthed from the tomb, unlucky and so on. He said that the current trend of the combination of culture and finance is very beneficial to the ancient jade collection. "The important thing is that we should increase our understanding and understanding of ancient jade and ancient jade culture." Lei said from the cloud.
Hetian Yushang has a large appreciation space
From the perspective of modern and contemporary jade collections, the more representative Hetian jade can be used as a typical case. Kong Dejun said that currently Hetian Yu has not fully reflected its value, its price is still in a low-lying area, and there is still a large appreciation space in the future. "Chinese jade culture is introverted, not as bright and flamboyant as jade and diamonds. For example, the price of a jade bracelet often exceeds 10 million yuan, and a high-quality Hetian jade bracelet can cost less than one million yuan." Kong Dejun said.
Kong Dejun said that with the development of social economy and the improvement of public aesthetics, the current jade collection has a polarized trend: some are ordinary jade works, which are prone to similarities due to mass production; the other part is Fine jade articles, such as those created by famous artists and excellent works with rich cultural connotations, are more and more popular among collectors. “Jade collections and jade cultures change with the times. For example, the previous jade ornaments are mainly based on the patterns of the beasts. In recent years, there has been a trend of personalizing and fashioning Hetian jade. Young people also try to show their charm by wearing personalized jade ornaments, such as cartoon figures carved with jade, which are very popular among young consumers. â€
The fiery market has brought business opportunities to Hetian jade, but it also makes this non-renewable resource face the problem of over-exploitation. Kong Dejun pointed out that a large number of Hetian jade resources were excavated in advance, and its value was not fully reflected. Destructive mining was a great waste for the non-renewable Hetian jade. At the same time, the current Hetian jade market is in a state of uneven heat and cold: Hetian jade jewelry is hotter, the price is higher, and Hetian jade utensils are colder and the price is lower. Kong Dejun said: "In fact, the jade utensils are much more difficult to manufacture than the handles or accessories, but the price is still low."
Some insiders pointed out that after nearly three or four years of continuous adjustment, Hetian jade market has entered the bottoming stage, raw material prices are close to the cost price, and with the market reshuffle, Hetian jade market is gaining momentum for the next wave of strong rebound. .
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