Deep integration of the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence and the real economy

The development of the Internet is actually the process of integration of the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence and the real economy. Specifically, the Internet has experienced four stages: First, the Internet 1.0 phase completed the traditional advertising industry data; Second, the Internet 2.0 phase completed the content industry data; Third, the mobile Internet phase completed the life service industry Dataization; Fourth, the 10,000-network phase means that everything can be connected and everything is digitized.

After more than 20 years of development, China has gradually moved from a network power to a network power, and many fields are in the leading position in the world. First, China has the largest number of Internet users in the world. As of June 2017, the number of Chinese netizens reached 751 million, equivalent to the sum of the United States and India. Second, China has created a world-renowned Internet company. In 2017, among the top ten Internet companies listed in the world, Chinese companies accounted for four seats, namely Alibaba, Tencent, Baidu and Jingdong. Moreover, some emerging business models have innovated and developed. For example, in the Alibaba ecosystem, the company's balance treasure business, in 2017, with 1.14 trillion yuan (about 165.6 billion US dollars) of custody funds, more than 150 billion US dollars JPMorgan Chase US government money market fund Become the world's largest money market fund. For example, since the sharing of bicycles into the people's field of vision in 2015, it has swept the country for a while, and its successful business model has also attracted the attention of the world, and other countries follow suit.

Judging from the development of the Internet between China and the United States, the past was the business model for China to replicate the United States, which is "C2C" - "Copy to China." For example, Chinese companies have created Sohu in the same way as Yahoo, and they have created Baidu in the same way as Google. Now, this situation has quietly changed. The road to innovation of Chinese Internet companies has been at the forefront of the world, from the past "C2C" to "CFC" - "Copy from China", like sharing bicycles, Alibaba's new Retail, Baidu's artificial intelligence, etc. have become the targets of some countries and even developed countries. This shows that the development of China's Internet has entered a new stage. And this new stage is like a no-man's land. As the saying goes, there is no lighthouse in advance. To realize the network power and lead the development of the world's Internet, it is necessary to increase investment in science and technology innovation . Nowadays, some Internet companies attach great importance to technology research and development, such as Alibaba's establishment of Dharma Institute, Baidu's layout in the field of artificial intelligence, and Tencent's plans for big data. Some companies' technological innovations have been recognized by the world. For example, among the 18 world-class scientific and technological achievements announced by the 4th World Internet Conference, more than 60% of the research and development by the Chinese team. The rapid development of Chinese enterprises in technological innovation has laid a solid foundation for promoting the future digital economy and big data strategy.

Then, we can't help but think about how the Internet and big data are integrated with the real economy. This is to find the answer from the development of the Internet. In my opinion, the development of the Internet has gone through four stages: the 1.0 phase, the 2.0 phase, the mobile Internet phase, and the 10,000 networking phase. At each stage, the Internet is combined with traditional formats, and this combination is to digitize the traditional format, thus transforming the traditional format from a real economy to a digital economy. Next, we will take a closer look at it in stages.

First, the Internet 1.0 stage: traditional advertising industry data

The first phase, the Internet 1.0 phase, is also known as the read-only Internet phase. At this stage, the Internet is combined with the traditional advertising industry to transform the traditional advertising industry into a digital economy through dataization. Specifically:

(1) AOL and Bohaiwei Space Time

In the early days of Internet business development, there were two well-known companies - AOL in the United States and Bohai Wei in China. The two Internet companies were born in the same period, have similar business models, and they have attracted great attention as soon as they emerged. They are considered to be pioneers in promoting the development of the Internet, but unfortunately, the two companies have not been able to go very far. .

The famous American online is that it acquired the old media giant Time Warner shortly after its establishment, which caused a very big sensation at that time. The famous time and space of Qi Haiwei is that it popularizes the basic concept of what is the Internet for the Chinese people. For example, the United States calls the Internet the Internet, China calls the Internet; the United States calls e-mail an email, and China calls it E-mail. This is the first exploration of the two companies, so why didn't they go very far? The reason is that their business model does not establish new economic rules for emerging technologies. We know that each generation of generational technology will shape a new economic system or economic rules, and this requires companies in which to build new business models around new technologies to complete technological transformation.

So how do the two companies do it? Copy the traditional format - the business model of the tourist scenic spot. Tourist attractions usually use a two-level charging model, the first level is tickets, the second level is special attractions or shopping. Take Qiuhaiwei time and space as an example. First of all, you should go to Haiwei's time and space network. Pay attention to the network of time and space. You must purchase its network card. For example, a 100-dollar network card can be used for 10 hours. Secondly, After you go online, you will have to pay for services such as email. We went on to analyze that the tourist scenic spot can sell tickets because there is a door, and the premise of having a door is to have a wall, that is, to have a border. In view of this, the two Internet companies actually set up a wall on the Internet without borders, and they circled the land, which is said to be my network, and this is in line with the open sharing spirit of the Internet advocated now. Violation. Therefore, neither company has been able to go very far.

(two) Yahoo

Yahoo is a great Internet company. The great thing is that it has established the basic economic rules of the Internet for the first time. This economic rule is still being followed by many Internet companies. So how does Yahoo establish this economic rule? It is to integrate the traditional advertising industry with the Internet to complete the transformation of data.

Speaking of this, let's first look at the dilemma of the traditional advertising industry. The traditional advertising industry publishes advertisements through the mass media. For advertisers, knowing that this type of investment will waste more than half of the advertising costs, but it is impossible to figure out which half is wasted. Why is this happening? For example, a hot pot restaurant to advertise, the traditional way is to arrange people to send a leaflet on the street. What is the effect? It can be said that most people who get the leaflet will be thrown away. Then the problem comes. Only after the user drops the leaflet, the advertiser will know that the user is not interested in the hot pot restaurant, but the advertising fee has already occurred. In other words, the advertiser must first invest in to know if the user is interested in the product, even if the result is not interested. This is the biggest problem facing the traditional advertising industry.

In response to this problem, advertisers generally promise two indicators, exposure and residency for the purpose of attracting business. Exposure is that hundreds of millions of people can see product ads as long as they spend enough money. Resident degree means that as long as you spend enough money, not only can hundreds of millions of people see product advertisements, but they can also watch them twice a day for one year. The traditional form of advertising can only emphasize these two indicators, but if it is excessive pursuit, it will produce a strange advertising phenomenon. For example, the melatonin advertisement: "This year, the festival will not receive gifts, and the gift will also receive melatonin." I believe many people have remembered this advertisement, but how many people will buy it? Only less than 20%. In other words, more than 80% of people will not buy a product even if they know the advertisement. It can be seen that the traditional advertising industry actually advertises advertising fees incorrectly on more than 80% of people who do not buy products. This is the dilemma of the traditional advertising industry.

So how does Yahoo solve this problem? In the hot pot restaurant, Yahoo collects information about all hot pot restaurants in a certain area, and divides them into different channels according to regions, tastes, etc. and conducts channel management. This is the basic model of a traditional portal. In this way, when people need to find a hot pot restaurant, there is no need to go through the big yellow pages, just log in to Yahoo to find the information you want. Because Yahoo has a clear advantage over the rhubarb page. This advantage is mainly reflected in four aspects: First, the information is more comprehensive, second, the information is more accurate, third, the information is more convenient, and fourth, the information is completely free to find and obtain. Therefore, the emergence of portals such as Yahoo has subverted the traditional information carrier of the Yellow Pages.

We went on to analyze that the traditional advertising model has undergone fundamental changes with the establishment of the Yahoo! For example, if the user wants to eat the hot pot of a certain store, he logs in to Yahoo, finds a store from the hot pot sequence in a certain area under the food channel, and clicks on the link to pop up the information that the store wants to present to the user, including the unit price. , special dishes, user reviews, contact information, etc. After browsing, users have two choices. One is to go to the store to eat hot pot immediately, and the other is to turn off the information to see other stores. At this time, regardless of whether the user finally went to the store, this advertisement is valid for both Yahoo and Hot Pot. why? A person who wants to eat hot pot actively finds your home's hot pot restaurant through Yahoo's platform, indicating that he saw the advertising information of your store, so this advertisement is effective. And you only need to pay a very cheap advertising fee for each valid click, and vice versa. This is the data transformation of the traditional advertising industry. After completing this data transformation, we found that a large number of offline advertising investment began to move online, indicating that advertisers are aware that they are investing a lot of money online, rather than using the Internet platform to carry out more effective advertising. Thus, with the data transformation of the traditional advertising industry, Internet companies like Yahoo have found a way to continue to make money, which is summarized as forward free and backward charges. In other words, it is free for information users and viewers, and charges advertisers to achieve profitability. This is the first generation of Internet advertising model and the greatness of Yahoo.

With the development of the Internet, Yahoo has many things that have not been done in depth. From the perspective of its business model, it is also like using a hot pot restaurant. The user wants to eat the hot pot of a certain store, so he logs in to Yahoo and clicks on the hot pot sequence in a certain area under the food channel. There are many hot pot restaurants. So, my question is: Why is this store ranked first, but another store is behind several screens? We know that all advertisers are pursuing effective ad serving. At the same time, we also know that the higher the ranking of the store, the more likely it is that the user will open the first one, but if it is ranked after several screens, it will almost never get the user's attention. It can be seen that on the Internet platform, information is an advertisement, and ranking is also an advertisement. Qualified advertising is like a huge gold mine, but it is a pity that Yahoo has not developed this gold mine. One of the important reasons is its lack of technology. At that time, the finishing of information was mostly done manually, and the penetration of technology into business was not as obvious as it is now.

(3) Google

If Yahoo took the first step in the development of the Internet industry, the second step was done by another, more great company. The reason why it is even greater is that it automates digital advertising through the evolution of data-driven business models. This company is Google.

So how is it done? In fact, Google only used two sets of algorithms to further develop the gold mine left by Yahoo into real gold and silver, and make its business model auto-cruise. Specifically: Google's first algorithm called PageRank is to index the pages of the world, crawl the web page information through Google crawlers, and then sort according to the importance of keywords to complete the process of dynamic indexing. This allows users to log in to Google and enter keywords in the search box in natural language. This algorithm can quickly find the website and information they want, instead of using a small book to write down a non-user. A complex URL for natural language. In this way, Google gradually let users remember their own URLs, and make the Internet first become their habit. Then, when users use Google as the first entry point on the Internet, it means that Google has become the top-level traffic distribution mechanism for global websites. In other words, whether traffic will flow to your website will not be the result of your own website, but by Google's algorithm. This shows that Google's status is very special, is the most important entry for Internet traffic - users first flock to Google, and then diverted to other sites, is also the most abundant website.

So how does Google turn these traffic into money? That is how to make the business model profitable? This involves Google's second set of algorithms. This algorithm is actually a deep transformation of the digital advertising industry, it is called AdWords, Ad is the English abbreviation of advertising, Words is a keyword, and the two together are called the keyword bidding ranking system. This is Google's most important profit conversion model. For example, if a user searches for the keyword on a mobile phone on Google, it is likely that he wants to buy a mobile phone. For such users in need, Samsung and other mobile phone manufacturers will of course hope that Google can bring them to their official website for the first time. So why is Google willing to bring customers to your official website? Samsung said that every time Google brings a customer, it will pay 1 yuan. In this way, as long as the user is searching for mobile phone keywords, Google will recommend Samsung's official website in the sidebar. If the user jumps to Samsung's official website through Google, Samsung will pay Google for one dollar. The problem is that mobile phone manufacturers are not only Samsung, but also Xiaomi, Huawei, etc. They also want Google to take users first to their own websites. So, Xiaomi bids 2, Huawei bids 5, so Huawei and Xiaomi rank in front of Samsung in Google. This forms the bidding ranking mechanism. Samsung saw the situation and adjusted the price to 10, and then Xiaomi and Huawei were transferred to 15 and 20 pieces. As a result, this reverse bidding approach has begun to work.

If an advertiser wants to advertise on Google, he must first register an advertising account, deposit a fee, then specify one or more keywords, and set the price. After that, what Google wants to do is to sort all the advertisers with different prices for the same keyword according to the price from high to low. This has produced a very interesting phenomenon. Advertisers all over the world have filled the accounts on Google and asked Google to deduct their own money. Because you deducted your money first, it means that Google has given you a real customer priority. It can be seen that Google's revenue model is that the front end has an automated traffic source mechanism, and the back end has an automated digital advertising profit mechanism. These two mechanisms have turned Google into an automatic printing machine, and its business model has also achieved automatic cruising. This is the result of the data transformation of the traditional advertising industry.

Second, the Internet 2.0 phase: content industry data

The second phase, the Internet 2.0 phase, is also known as the readable and writable Internet phase. At this stage, the content industry completed the data transformation.

(1) Wikipedia

In 2003, Wikipedia, one of the most representative Internet platforms in the Internet 2.0 phase, was born. Note that at this time we are talking about the Internet platform, not the Internet company. The so-called Internet platform is actually a bilateral market. Initially, Wikipedia had only three or five people who relied on charitable funds to buy servers, set up a platform, and developed two very simple rules. Now, Wikipedia has raised the knowledge of all human beings. In other words, all of our human knowledge has been aggregated on this platform. This is the power of Wikipedia.

So how does Wikipedia do it? Let's take a look at this business of encyclopedia. The encyclopedia has always been closely linked to authority, the equivalent of the last arbitrator of human knowledge. That is to say, for a phenomenon, a concept, a knowledge point, regardless of the interpretation of others, the encyclopedia is the unquestionable final answer, such as the most famous and authoritative Encyclopedia Britannica in the world today. An encyclopedia is generally completed by thousands of experts and senior editors, which makes it more authoritative and professional. At the same time, it is relatively large, so it is basically placed in a remote corner of the library. Generally only professionals can get in touch, and ordinary people rarely read it. This has led to the stratification of knowledge, which is obviously unreasonable now.

Again, Wikipedia has two very simple rules: First, anyone can create any entry on the platform; second, anyone can modify any entry on the platform. From these two rules, it seems that there is no relationship with authority. Just like a child, everybody can create an entry. Anyone can modify the entry created by others, so that no one can seem to be any entry. There is a final answer on Wikipedia. So, since there is no final answer, how can we provide the authority of knowledge? It can be seen that this is completely different from the idea of ​​the encyclopedia business. However, in a very short period of time, Wikipedia not only has more entries or more quality than the Encyclopedia Britannica. At this time, we understand that the process of constantly approaching authority and truth is the embodiment of authority and truth. In other words, Wikipedia promotes the dynamic evolution of the term based on the full content of the Encyclopedia Britannica. This is the embodiment of authoritative knowledge.

The success of Wikipedia made us realize that another door to the Internet has been opened. We can not only get information from the Internet, but anyone can contribute information.

(2) Weibo and WeChat friends circle

Then, with the rise of blogs, platforms such as Weibo and WeChat friends circle began to emerge, and each of us also became a journalist, photographer, director and DJ, sharing articles, photos, movies and songs online. At this time, the content industry including text, pictures, video and audio has been fully digitized, and the source and dissemination of content have undergone profound changes. Digital content has begun to replace traditional content and form a new content form.

In the past, we observed the world through the perspective of professional journalists, but this is not the world in our eyes. Now, with the advent of the Internet 2.0 phase, each of us can look at the world from our own perspective and share our voices with those around us. As a result, some content platforms have risen rapidly, breaking the traditional content industry chain and integrating them into the Internet platform, which has brought about profound changes in the way content is transmitted. For example, now we rarely read newspapers, but it does not delay Get news on computers and mobile phones; we rarely watch TV, but we don't delay watching TVs or mobile phones; we rarely listen to the radio, but we don't delay listening to audio on some self-media platforms. This reflects the data industry of the content industry. In the past, the traditional content industry must be closely integrated with the real economy, following the idea of ​​industrial development. After the data industry was digitized, the entire industry completed a huge transformation and the current digital content industry emerged.

In the process, we have seen many newspapers failing, and the development of some media groups has been squeezed. It can be seen that in order to cater to new technological developments, new business models must be born. Here, I put forward a point: technology will not annihilate user demand, it will only stimulate user demand and eliminate backward business models. On the one hand, the more evolved the technology, the more fully the user's needs will be stimulated. For example, after the advent of the Internet and digital technology, the demand for news information has greatly increased in both breadth and depth. On the other hand, technology will eliminate backward business models. For example, since the MP3 music format, although we no longer buy CDs, but in the level and dimension of music consumption has improved.

In short, in the Internet 2.0 phase, digital technology has completed the data transformation of the content industry, so that the production and sales of the content industry are separated from each other, and the production and marketing are basically achieved.

Third, the mobile Internet stage: dataization of life service industry

The third phase is called the mobile internet phase. At this stage, the mobile Internet has transformed data into almost all of the life service industries.

The difference between the mobile Internet and the desktop Internet is, on the surface, the difference in the way of surfing the Internet. The mobile Internet uses mobile phones and tablets to access the Internet, and the desktop Internet uses computers and laptops to access the Internet. In fact, there are essential differences between the two, mainly reflected in two aspects. First, the mobile Internet is always online. In the era of desktop Internet, once our ass left the stool, it means that the network has been disconnected. So at that time, our most common communication tool was QQ. The most commonly used words were “I am there” “Goodbye” “I am going first” "886" and so on. In the era of mobile Internet, our most common communication tool is WeChat. I don't know if you find out that we rarely say "goodbye" or "bye bye" in WeChat chat. Why is this happening? The desktop Internet divides the human society into two states: "online" and "offline". It is also reflected in the two states of QQ. The mobile Internet has only one state, that is, always online. Since it is always online, it will always be visible, since it will always be visible. , then come see you again. Therefore, we naturally do not say "goodbye" in WeChat.

Second, the mobile Internet adds three dimensions to the Internet at the same time. Which three dimensions? Time, space and identity. First look at the time dimension. In the Internet 1.0 phase, whether it is a portal represented by Yahoo or a search engine headed by Google, their information organization is based on user needs and has little to do with time. In the mobile Internet phase, time is the most important way to organize information. For example, in the WeChat circle of friends, information is sorted by time. In other words, time is the only logic for content management in a circle of friends. Use time to manage online content, indicating that online and offline has been unified into the dimension of time. Every minute and every second we have online is the true embodiment of offline life, and every minute of the offline Seconds are also mapped to the line synchronously. It can be seen that the online and offline have merged into one to form a new state. We must recognize this new reality. As data goes online and offline, virtual and reality, time becomes an important path to guide us to move forward and organize information.

Secondly, the spatial dimension, or geographic dimension. In the era of desktop Internet, the geographic dimension is usually expressed as a paragraph of text. For example, if we want to go to a certain place, first go to the Internet to enter the address, find the route, then use the note to go down and follow. In the era of mobile Internet, the location moves with you. Whether it is walking, driving, or transportation, where is the mobile phone, the geographical location is recorded. Not only that, but the phone also provides information about the location. For example, the mobile phone records the driving route, parking lot location and stay time, records the geographical location information when the photo was taken, automatically matches the geographical location and weather information, and so on. These are all data driven. When the geographic location becomes a data string, it will make our trip more convenient.

Then look at the identity dimension. Why emphasize identity? In the era of desktop Internet, we are used to anonymous activities on the Internet. As a cartoon depicts, "No one knows that you are a dog on the Internet." It can be seen that anonymity is an important feature of this era. In the mobile Internet era, mobile phones record all of the user's information, which makes the user's characteristics clearly exposed on the mobile Internet. This clarity is not only reflected in personal information, but also in personal habits and preferences derived from data analysis. As technology advances, any object is intelligent , which means they all have an identity card. It can be seen that the concept of identity has become more and more important. So why is identity added to the Internet in the era of mobile Internet? Because the computer can be shared by many people, but the mobile phone has only one user. In this way, the mobile phone is bound to the user, and the mobile phone becomes a carrier of the user identity.

In general, the three dimensions of time, space and identity are added to the Internet, which means that we can finally figure out five things at the same time, who, when, where, and who, what to do. Furthermore, these five things are all connected in series through the mobile Internet. And what is the point of figuring out these five things at the same time? The most important thing is that the mobile phone not only affects our perception, but also begins to guide our behavior. In short, mobile phones are beginning to have mobilization capabilities to guide our behavior through data. It can be said that in the era of desktop Internet, the world is flat. We can browse the world before we sit at the computer. However, this is only a matter of obtaining information without any obstacles, but it does not allow us to directly participate in the matter itself. The mobile Internet is different. It not only enables users to understand what is happening, but also allows users to quickly participate in it through their mobile phones.

For example, I once asked a friend from Shanghai to eat. During the dinner, we took photos of the dishes and sent them to the circle of friends. They also praised each other. After seeing the circle of friends, other friends used the geographical location indicated below the information to find us directly through navigation and joined the party. In this way, until the end of the party, a total of more than 20 friends came. Originally intended to be my treat, but after the arrival of these many people, the AA system was implemented. At the time of payment, we not only enjoyed the discount through WeChat payment, but also used the AA payment (now changed to group collection) function to complete the face-to-face transfer between friends. For another example, the mobile phone calls a car. Through the mobile phone application, we can quickly get a taxi or a special car. After getting on the phone, the mobile phone starts to record the driving route and driving time of the vehicle synchronously, and calculates the cost. When the car is off, it can also be paid by mobile phone. Such things happen every day in our lives. This is a concrete manifestation of the mobile phone guiding us.

Based on the three dimensions of time, space and identity, we can enjoy the services of ordering, traveling and cleaning provided by the mobile Internet. It can be seen that the life service industry has fully entered the Internet and completed the data transformation. The most typical is the field of travel, travel itself is a traditional local life service format, after the data transformation, there is a platform like Didi Travel. In fact, Didi Travel is a data model that provides users with a wide range of travel services based on their own big data platform. It transports thousands of passengers a day without hiring any drivers. The key point is the dataization of the travel service industry. At the 4th World Internet Conference, the world's leading Internet technology publishing event, Didi Travel released the new generation of mobile data platform based on big data. In the future, Didi's trip will enable more life service industries to achieve data operation through the Drip Brain. This is the most important industrial change brought about by the mobile Internet.

In addition, the mobile Internet has also brought profound changes to people's lifestyles, and two types of extreme people have emerged. The first category, the family, is the person who likes to stay at home and not go anywhere. So why can these people live at home? In the past, you only had to go out to survive, such as eating, shopping, and handling various businesses. But now, as long as there is a mobile phone and a network, even if you don’t go out for a month, you can live very well. If you are hungry, you can ask for a takeaway, if you have nothing to buy online, if your home is dirty, you will call it a cleaning service... almost all the needs can be handled by mobile phones. Very convenient. So what are they doing at home? Many people actually watch live games and play games. Why is this happening? A person's time is usually divided into practical time and entertainment time, where practical time is the time that must be spent to ensure survival, such as eating and drinking. With the development of the mobile Internet, people's practical time is greatly reduced, and the entertainment time will increase accordingly. This is one reason why the entertainment industry is developing very well.

The second category, the Flash family, is someone who has never been in a place to stay longer. I believe that everyone in the circle of friends has such a person, they may send a circle of friends in this city today, send a circle of friends to another city tomorrow, and send a circle of friends to a foreign city the day after tomorrow, often running around Never stay in one place for a long time. In the past, we thought that business trips were a very troublesome thing, and we needed to do a lot of preparations. Now, when we take the mobile phone, we can say that we are leaving. Moreover, no matter which city you go to, the mobile phone will provide a range of information about all life services in the local area. We only need to select the services we need. This is the change that the mobile Internet brings to our lives based on the data of the life service industry.

Fourth, the 10,000 network phase: the deep integration of artificial intelligence and the real economy

In the first three stages, the Internet is built around people, collectively known as the People's Network. Then the next question is, since people are connected to the Internet, should a pig or a dog be connected to the Internet, whether a table or a chair should be connected to the Internet, and should everything in the world be connected? The answer is yes. This is a development trend, and it is very likely that there will be pig networking, dog networking, and desk networking in the future. Therefore, the future is a million-network phase of the Internet of Everything. At this stage, it is possible to create an emerging business such as Pig PayPal on the basis of the pig network, or a platform such as the DDT dog on the basis of the dog network, and so on. Data will slowly give life to lifeless things, and will make things that already have life more spiritual. In other words, everything can be digitized at this stage.

for example. In the industrialized era, a product was dead at the moment of production and out of the assembly line. This "death" means that the product form will not change any more, it is a rigid state, just like a zombie. So what will the future look like? Everything will become interactive. Use the water cup to make an analogy. Now, the water cup is just a tool for water, without any ability to interact. In the future, the cup will host our health data and match it to the water or drink in the cup, then tell us how to drink the water to be the healthiest. Over time, this cup will know our health better than ourselves. At this time, in addition to the physical form, this cup has a data artifact that we can't see with the naked eye. It plays a bigger role. For example, if you don We can put the data cups of the cups to the destination and attach them to other cups so that other cups can also host our health data. That is to say, after the data transformation of the water cup is completed, the data becomes a data breeding body that can break through the limitation of time and space. Thus, a cup without life is given life. As the data freezes, the world behind more lives is cracked, and new forms of networking are gradually formed, and humans will talk to more lives. This is the inspiration that data brings to our future lives.

The report of the 19th National Congress pointed out that it is necessary to "promote the deep integration of the Internet, big data, artificial intelligence and the real economy." Before talking about the development of the Internet, big data and the real economy, let's take a look at the integration of artificial intelligence and the real economy.

In my opinion, the key to advancing the development of artificial intelligence is to break through the machine's perception and cognitive ability. First, the perception of the machine. In the past, the way people interact with machines was that people were adapting to machines. For example, if we want to use a computer, we must first learn to use a keyboard and mouse to learn to type. But this kind of human-computer interaction can never be as natural as human-to-human communication. So how do people communicate with each other? There are three main ways: one is natural language, the other is body language, and the third is facial expression. For example, I am teaching here to convey what I am saying through natural language, body language and facial expressions. This is a very natural way of interacting between people. If you want the machine to communicate with people as naturally as people, let it do the following three things. First of all, the machine must be able to understand people's words and speak human words, that is, to have natural language recognition. At present, China's Science and Technology News, the United States, Apple, etc. have achieved a major breakthrough in this regard, and some artificial intelligence products also have very high capabilities in this regard.其次，机器要具备模式识别能力。再有，机器要具备面部识别能力。现在这项技术已经运用到很多领域，比如手机。通过新技术的不断进化，机器可以非常自然地与人交流，也愈加深入地理解人。

第二，机器的认知能力。认知比拼的就是大脑的能力。1997年，美国IBM公司研发的超级计算机“深蓝”战胜了国际象棋世界冠军。但现在回过头来看，当时的技术非常低端，无非就是暴力计算。2016年，谷歌旗下DeepMind公司研发的人工智能程序阿尔法狗(AlphaGo)打败了职业九段围棋棋手李世石，震惊了全世界。我们知道，要成为世界顶尖围棋棋手至少需要18年的时间，同时还要有强大的运算能力、学习能力和悟性。而阿尔法狗仅用不到3年时间，就把世界顶尖棋手斩于马下，之后又打败诸多围棋高手，这意味着人类智慧的最后一块高地也已被人工智能拿下。就在阿尔法狗所带来的震惊还未消退，2017年DeepMind公司又研发出阿尔法狗的升级版阿尔法元(AlphaGo Zero)。阿尔法元的诞生再次震惊世界：一是它只自学了3天便以100:0的成绩完胜阿尔法狗；二是它不使用人类以往的经验和数据，仅通过基本理论和规则，完全从自我学习、自我对战中不断提升实力。有人不禁惊叹，对于AlphaGo的自我进步来讲……人类太多余了。其实，大家也不必太过担心，因为，一方面要相信人类一定能找到驾驭人工智能的真正规则，二是阿尔法元进化的前提是要有规则，如果没有一个明确的规则，那它就无法发挥威力。

接着来看，自动驾驶。这是一种非常复杂的人工智能，结合了感知能力与认知能力，一方面要实时感知周边环境和路况，另一方面要根据周边环境不断做出决策。目前，在这一领域，我们已经取得了非常大的突破。

自动驾驶，实际上就是一套前馈式移动服务系统。什么是前馈式？普通汽车上通常用的都是反馈式，比如摁下开关灯就亮了，再摁一下灯又灭了，而前馈式则不需要控制开关，系统自己就知道何时该亮、何时该灭。那么，什么是移动服务系统呢？打个比方，我给大家讲完课，之后要在一个小时内到达首都机场。那么在这一个小时之内，我既要赶路，还要吃午餐。怎么办？在我需要的时候，一个移动终端来到我面前，并且里面准备好了午饭。在我坐进去享用午餐的同时，移动终端也把我带到了首都机场。这就是前馈式移动服务系统，也是自动驾驶给我们带来的一个改变。

未来，前馈式移动服务系统会让社会系统全部流动起来。那么，这种流动会产生什么现象？可能，卧室、书房、健身房等都会在大街上不断移动。这就产生了一个新理念，过去是要先取得所有权才能享有使用权，而在人工智能时代，也许不必拥有所有权就可以享受使用的乐趣。也就是说，不必买房仍有房可住，当我们想睡觉的时候就会出现最适合的卧室，不必买车仍有车可开，当我们需要出行的时候就会出现最适合的交通工具。到那时，整个社会都在自动驾驶。这就是互联网、大数据、人工智能与实体经济深度融合所带来的可以想象的空间。

总而言之，推动互联网、大数据、人工智能与实体经济深度融合，将会产生新动能，开辟新领域，也必将会使我国发展迎来新篇章。