The tomb of the Nanyue King of the Western Han Dynasty is the tomb of the second generation of Wang Zhaoxuan (known as Emperor Wendi) of the South Vietnamese Kingdom in the early Western Han Dynasty. As one of the five major archaeological discoveries in modern China, this tomb is an underground treasure house. More than 1,000 pieces of cultural relics have been unearthed, of which more than 200 are jade articles. Careful study of the jade artifacts unearthed, to understand the characteristics of the Western Han jade, is of great significance to the collection of jade articles by collectors.
The Western Han Dynasty jade is another golden period after the Neolithic Age, the Shang Dynasty and the Eastern Zhou Dynasty Jade. Economic prosperity is an important prerequisite for the development of jade. A large number of Kunlun and Tianyu mining is the fundamental guarantee for the prosperity of the Western Han Dynasty jade. Because the Western Han Dynasty is a dynasty of political and cultural unity, although the princes who are closed are each have their own jade industry, have their own cultural characteristics and the style of jade, but in general, the Western Han jade is still more common than personality. What jade baby was unearthed in the Western Han Dynasty Nanyue King's Tomb? What are the commonalities of these jade articles?
Yuxi: Excavated more, indicating that the tomb master loves
The jade is a round jade with a hole in the middle. There are 56 kinds of jade figurines unearthed from the tomb of the Nanyue King. There are only 47 pieces in the main chamber, which shows that the tomb owner loves the jade. Among the jade, the most prominent ones are the large jade, the openwork double circle dragon ring, the openwork dragon jade, the openwork dragon and phoenix jade, the Lushou jade, and the double jade. In particular, a large jade unearthed in the main chamber, with a diameter of 33.4 cm, is the largest piece of jade in the tomb. The carving is exquisite, the ornamentation is simple and solemn, and it is quite emerald. Dayuyu is one of the largest and most decorated dragons in the known archaeological excavations in China. It is called the “King of the Suizhongâ€.
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It is the true ceremonial jade of the Western Han Dynasty.
In the Western Han Dynasty, the "six rituals" of the 周, ç®, åœ, ç’‹, ç¥, and 规定 stipulated in the "Zhou Li" were only in the three categories of ç’§, åœ, and ç’œ. In fact, the real ceremonial jade of the Western Han Dynasty may be only a kind of jade. There are many kinds of jade in the Western Han Dynasty. There are many forms and uses are also widely used. At that time, there was no need for jade. In the Western Han Dynasty, in addition to rituals, Yuxi was also used as a funeral. It was often inlaid or hung in the appearance of a dragonfly. It was an important jade for funeral.
Jade clothing: bright and dazzling, but rare with ribbons
Yuyi is a unique funeral costume in the Han Dynasty. There are grades in jade clothes. There are gold plaques, silver plaques, and copper enamel clothes. The princes and kings use gold plaques and silver enamel. The silk jade coat unearthed from the tomb of the Nanyue King was the first to be discovered and the only one to date. The whole piece of jade clothing is 1.73 meters in length and shares 2291 pieces of jade pieces. Pasted with a vermilion ribbon to form a multi-geometric pattern, the color is dazzling.
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Western Han advocates thicker burial jade
During the Western Han Dynasty, not only the jade articles used in the past were used for burial, but also the funerary jade was matched with each other, making the Western Han Dynasty the most complete period of funeral jade in Chinese history. The premise of the popularization of the funeral jade in the Western Han Dynasty is that it advocates filial piety and implements thick burial. The Xiyi uses a large number of jade burials to realize the immortality of the corpse and continue to enjoy the rich and precious dreams in the underworld.
Yuyi is the highest form of funeral jade. It can only be enjoyed by high-ranking bureaucrats and emperors. It is generally given by the court. In addition to the jade clothes, the jade jade that has the essence of the people is not leaked, but also the "jail jade" that does not let the deceased go empty-handed, and the "jade" that does not let the deceased go empty-mouth, no longer See the jade cover of the human world.
However, the ordinary civilians in the Western Han Dynasty can only use sporadic funeral jade, and the simple ones only use earplugs and stuffy noses.
Jade ornaments: the appearance of life, there are many boutiques
There are more than 130 jade ornaments unearthed from the tomb of Nanyue King. For example, the rhinoceros-shaped jade, the rhinoceros as a whole, is a tortuous shape, and the muscles of the whole body are raised and full of vitality. Shuanglong jade, symmetrical double faucet, open mouth drums, decorated with openwork moiré, vivid image. Openwork dragon glass pattern jade ring, double-sided openwork two dragons and two beasts of the beautiful shape, ten different. The openwork dragon and phoenixes are heavy and jade, and the dragons and phoenixes are light and transparent. They are decorated with cirrus patterns. The shapes are full and powerful, and the dragons and phoenixes are all in a state of excitement. Siamese double dragon jade, the strange double dragons with claws, vivid image. The phoenix pattern jade, unique asymmetrical design, beautiful image. There are also 11 sets of jade have been restored to 3 sets, the group of the tomb owner Zhao Yu is the largest and most luxurious set.
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Western Han and more popular small jade
Because jade has excellent texture and beautiful color, it can cater to people's desire for beauty and pray for health and avoid evil. It has been the fashion that people have pursued since ancient times. Wearing jade ornaments in ancient times is the fashion pursued by the nobles.
Different from the luxurious jade in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the popular in the Western Han Dynasty is a lively small piece of jade, which is also a reflection of the pragmatic attitude of the Western Han Dynasty. Because the small jade is both labor-saving and economical, the use and action are more convenient, and it can also play a role.
Western Han jade carving reflects a higher level
The craftsmanship of the jade in the Western Han Dynasty is the master of the jade craftsmanship of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. It has reached a new level in the modeling, decoration and processing techniques. It is much simpler to distinguish the characteristics of the jade in this period.
In terms of styling, the pair is called equilibrium. That is, the use of the styling or decoration up and down and left and right relative to the balance rather than the complete symmetry, making the work more lively. In particular, the curved S-shaped jade carving works have increased greatly. In addition, the work reflects a three-dimensional sense.
On the carving, the openwork and hollowing skills shine. Such as jade sword decoration, jade shop head, jade, jade ring, jade heart shape and so on, all use hollow openwork technology. The appearance decoration of the Western Han Dynasty is also more mature, especially the appearance of the jade arch, which is easy to wear and free from dullness and dynamic beauty.
Polishing, the processing skills of jade articles in the Western Han Dynasty are more exquisite, the jade is polished as smooth as the mirror, and the polishing technique is meticulous, especially the polishing of some jade carvings such as jade bear, jade, jade pig, etc. is the point of perfection.
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