In the more developed areas of foreign textile printing and dyeing industries, such as Busan in South Korea, Osaka in Japan, Milan in Italy, and Mexico, the dyeing and finishing enterprises are more concentrated and the printing and dyeing wastewater is relatively large. At the same time, the industry chain is naturally formed in these areas, namely the area and the surrounding areas. The region forms the upstream raw material production and supply; the downstream products such as textiles and apparel and clothing are produced and marketed; the three form a relatively complete industrial chain. Such production is relatively concentrated, large in output, large in market size, and sold in domestic and international markets. The "plate" economy that is quite influential is of great significance to the development of the dyeing and finishing industry. This is also very similar to the domestic.
1. There are mainly two types of treatment methods .
Italy, Japan, etc., use a combination of factory processing and comprehensive urban sewage treatment for printing and dyeing wastewater treatment. After the preliminary treatment of the printing and dyeing wastewater reaches a certain standard, it is mixed with the urban sewage to enter the sewage treatment plant for treatment. In this way, the subsequent processing results can be improved. If there are many printing and dyeing plants, the emission standards will be met centrally.
Due to the lack of concentration in the industry, Germany generally adopts the single-plant processing model. The sewage treatment plant is built at the printing and dyeing plant to treat the waste water produced in the plant. Because the clean production and water resources recovery are done relatively well, the treated water can reach the discharge standard. In addition, Germany's printing and dyeing wastewater discharge is also less, and the processing technology is relatively mature, and individual plants even achieve "zero emissions."
2. Regarding the processing technology, the printing and dyeing wastewater is mainly organic, so the treatment method is mainly based on the biochemical method. Sulfur dyes are prohibited in foreign countries. For the small amount of wastewater, the equipment is mainly used. Of course, the large amount of water is still dominated by the structure, but from the processing technology. In principle, it seems that the difference is not significant, but the depth of technology, automation, and equipment quality are higher than the domestic level.
Chinese and foreign dyeing wastewater treatment differences
According to the analysis of the conditions known, the printing and dyeing wastewater from developed countries was not treated with big problems due to better handling. We did not hear about serious pollution in rivers and seas. Then why is the pollution of printing and dyeing wastewater in China very serious?
Differences in the treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater at home and abroad are mainly concentrated on the following points:
1, environmental protection legislation and law enforcement efforts are different. Foreign environmental protection legislation is very strict, and the penalties for companies and individuals polluting the environment are also severe. China's environmental protection legislation is still not perfect enough, it has not reached the Yongping of developed countries, and it has also been interfered with by various factors in the process of law enforcement, making law enforcement efforts insufficient. There are units that need to be treated for printing and dyeing wastewater, and they can also consult companies that have similar experience in wastewater treatment on the wastewater treatment project service platform.
2, different product grades, different profits, and thus different environmental protection inputs. China is a developing country. The grade of printing and dyeing products is relatively low, and it is concentrated in middle and low-grade products, and the profit is very low. For example, at present, China's dyeing one meter of cloth, the processing fee is only 0.4-0.5 yuan, and some are even lower. Similarly, the grades of printing and dyeing products produced in developed countries are relatively high, and the added value of products is high, resulting in high product profits. Factory, processing one meter costs up to more than 10 yuan. Therefore, developed countries have higher investment in the treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater. In contrast, China's investment in printing and dyeing wastewater is relatively small. The investment in China's urban wastewater treatment plant is, in principle, 3,000 yuan per ton of water treated, that is, investment. A 100,000-ton/day municipal wastewater treatment plant will invest approximately one billion yuan, while a much more difficult printing and dyeing wastewater treatment plant will process only one ton of water for only 1,000-1200 yuan, resulting in a difference in level, quality, degree of automation, and operating costs. Larger.
3, the concept of clean production, resource recovery and awareness differences. At present, more and more concepts of cleaner production are being applied to enterprises, and it is hoped that clean production will be implemented from the entire production process of the company and pollution and destruction to the environment will be reduced as much as possible.
However, judging from the development of our country, there are fewer companies that actually implement clean production and are effective in the country, but resources are wasted. However, the implementation and implementation of clean production in foreign countries is very large. The implementation of clean production activities in enterprises across the country has achieved very good results. The waste of resources in the production process is significantly reduced, the utilization rate of recycled water is increased, useful resources in waste are recovered, and the cost of products is reduced. All these prove the importance and necessity of implementing cleaner production.
4, different levels of management. Factors such as the recognition of environmental protection and the constraints of economic factors and local protection are very different in management between China and the outside world.
5. The heavy pollution process is pushed abroad to developing countries. Alkali reduction process is particularly serious pollution, COD up to 20,000-80,000 mg / l; "island silk" production pollution is minimal, but when applied (reduced) wastewater COD up to 20000-100000 mg / l, foreign development of the process to seriously polluted development In China, they produce high-end, light-polluting, high-profit products.
Looking at the overall situation, the reasons for the differences in the treatment of printing and dyeing wastewater at home and abroad are various factors such as technology, understanding, management, and economics. Therefore, solving the problem is a systematic project that requires government, enterprises, scientific research, schools, etc. joint. Need the cooperation of the National Development and Reform Commission, the National Environmental Protection Agency, industry associations, factories and other companies to truly solve the problem of printing and dyeing wastewater pollution.
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