For synthetic fibers, atmospheric pressure dyeing and high temperature and high pressure dyeing can be used, and the dyeing process can be determined according to the nature of the dye. Natural pigments such as Valeriana, Lithospermum, and Rhubarb have quinones or naphthoquinones in the pigment structure, which is very similar to the structure of disperse dyes. Their relative molecular mass is small and hydrophobic. The polyester fibers were dyed with these dyes. The adsorption isotherm was consistent with the Nernst isotherm of the disperse dye-dyed polyesters, indicating that these natural dyes dyed polyesters with a mechanism similar to disperse dyes.
Polyamide fibers contain amino and carboxyl groups and can be dyed with ionic dyes, such as acid and metal complex dyes. The adsorption mechanism is Langmuir mechanism. At the same time, hydrophobic fibers can also be dyed with disperse dyes. When dyed with naphthoquinone-type natural dyes such as comfrey, juglone, etc., the adsorption mechanism is consistent with the Nernst isotherm when the polyester is dyed with disperse dyes; when dyed with eucalyptus, the pigments are linear-type ionic molecules when they are used. There is more than one mechanism, but the Langmuir mechanism dominates.![]()
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Polyamide fibers contain amino and carboxyl groups and can be dyed with ionic dyes, such as acid and metal complex dyes. The adsorption mechanism is Langmuir mechanism. At the same time, hydrophobic fibers can also be dyed with disperse dyes. When dyed with naphthoquinone-type natural dyes such as comfrey, juglone, etc., the adsorption mechanism is consistent with the Nernst isotherm when the polyester is dyed with disperse dyes; when dyed with eucalyptus, the pigments are linear-type ionic molecules when they are used. There is more than one mechanism, but the Langmuir mechanism dominates.
Phellodendron amurense as natural dye. Berberine containing a cationic dye. This dye grows on the roots of Berberis and has a bright-yellow color. Berberine is an alkaloid whose structure is similar to cationic dyes and can be used to dye acrylonitrile fibers . The results of thermodynamics show that the dyeing mechanism is in line with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, indicating that the positively charged dyes can form ion bonds with the negatively charged fibers , allowing the dyes to adsorb on the fibers.
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